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1.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 33(supl.1): 190-196, set. 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1426567

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Yellow fever is considered a re-emerging disease and is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and South America. At present, there are no standardized or commercialized kits available for yellow fever virus detection. Therefore, diagnosis must be made by time-consuming routine techniques, and sometimes, the virus or its proteins are not detected. Furthermore, co-circulation with other flaviviruses, including dengue virus, increases the difficulty of diagnosis. Objective. To develop a specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR-based assay to improve the detection and diagnosis of yellow fever virus using both serum and fresh tissue samples. Materials and methods. RT-PCR primers were designed to amplify a short fragment of all yellow fever virus genotypes reported. A second set of primers was used in a nested PCR to increase sensitivity. Thirty-three clinical samples were tested with the standardized reaction. Results. The expected amplicon was obtained in 25 out of 33 samples analyzed using this approach, and 2 more samples tested positive after a subsequent nested PCR approach. Conclusion. This improved technique not only ensures the specific detection of a wide range of yellow fever virus genotypes but also may increase the sensitivity of detection by introducing a second round of amplification, allowing a rapid differential diagnosis between dengue and yellow fever infection, which is required for effective surveillance and opportune epidemiologic measures.


Introducción. La fiebre amarilla se considera una enfermedad reemergente y endémica en regiones tropicales de África y Suramérica. Actualmente, no existen estuches estandarizados o comerciales disponibles para la detección del virus de la fiebre amarilla y, por lo tanto, el diagnóstico debe hacerse mediante técnicas de rutina que consumen mucho tiempo y algunas veces no garantizan la detección del virus o de sus proteínas. Además, la cocirculación con otros flavivirus, incluyendo el del dengue, hacen el diagnóstico más complicado. Objetivo. Desarrollar un ensayo específico de amplificación basado en transcripción inversa seguida de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, con el fin de mejorar la detección y el diagnóstico de la fiebre amarilla, tanto a partir de suero como de tejido fresco. Materiales y métodos. Se diseñaron iniciadores específicos para amplificar un fragmento conservado del virus de la fiebre amarilla. Un segundo par de iniciadores se usó en una reacción de amplificación anidada para incrementar la sensibilidad. Se probaron 33 muestras clínicas con la técnica estandarizada. Resultados. El amplímero esperado se obtuvo en 25 de las 33 muestras analizadas usando este método y 2 más resultaron positivas después de la reacción anidada. Conclusión. Esta técnica mejorada garantiza la detección de todos los genotipos virales de fiebre amarilla y puede incrementar la sensibilidad del ensayo introduciendo una segunda etapa de amplificación, lo cual permite el diagnóstico diferencial con infección por dengue y otros flavivirus, lo cual es de gran importancia para la vigilancia y la toma de medidas epidemiológicas oportunas.


Subject(s)
Yellow fever virus , Diagnosis , Arboviruses , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcription , Epidemiological Monitoring
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 27(3): 461-467, sept. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475355

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La fiebre amarilla es una enfermedad zoonótica mantenida en la naturaleza por primates no humanos; su vigilancia por técnicas sensibles de laboratorio es necesaria para hacer evidente la actividad viral en territorio selvático. Objetivo. Detectar el virus de la fiebre amarilla en muestras de tejido hepático de primates no humanos, mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) con iniciadores diagnósticos específicos. Materiales y métodos. Se procesaron muestras de tejido hepático de cinco monos del genero Alouatta spp. encontrados muertos en territorio selvático de los departamentos de Cesar y Magdalena entre diciembre de 2003 y junio de 2004. Las muestras fueron tratadas con una solución de lisis para aislar el ARN viral que, posteriormente, fue utilizado en una RT-PCR, utilizando iniciadores específicos para fiebre amarilla; paralelamente, se identificaron proteínas virales mediante inmunohistoquímica sobre cortes de tejido hepático incluidos en parafina. Resultados. Se obtuvieron productos de amplificación del tamaño esperado, (424 pb) en cuatro de las muestras analizadas; estas muestras mostraron, además, una reacción inmunohistoquímica positiva, lo que confirma la presencia del virus. Conclusión. El hallazgo del virus de la fiebre amarilla en monos silvestres representa una evidencia de su actividad enzoótica en nuestro territorio, que incrementa el riesgo de transmisión a humanos y de urbanización por procesos de migración de la población. La detección por técnicas moleculares rápidas y específicas del virus en monos silvestres representa una herramienta de vigilancia epidemiológica que permite activar de manera precoz los sistemas de control necesarios para impedir brotes y epidemias.


Introduction. Yellow fever is a zoonotic infection maintained in nature by non-human primates. Appropriate surveillance with sensitive laboratory techniques is necessary to evidence viral activity in the tropical forest habitats of these primates. Objective. Yellow fever virus was detected in hepatic tissue samples from non-human primates by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique using specific primers for diagnosis. Materials and methods. Hepatic tissue samples were processed from five monkeys belonging genus Alouatta spp found dead in sylvatic areas of Cesar and Magdalena Provinces, Colombia, between December 2003 and June 2004. Samples were treated with lysis buffer prior to the isolation of viral RNA, which was then subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using yellow fever-specific primers. Simultaneously, viral proteins were identified by immunohistochemistry on parafin-embedded hepatic tissue. Results. The PCR method amplified fragments of the expected size (424 bp) in four of the tested samples. In addition, these samples showed a positive reaction by immunohistochemistry, supporting the evidence that the virus was present. Conclusion. The detection of yellow fever virus in wild monkeys was clear evidence of enzootic activity in northern Colombia. Increased probability of yellow fever transmission among human populations is indicated due to urbanization processes as a consequence of forced migration and displacement of the human populations. Molecular tests for rapid and specific detection of yellow fever in tissue samples of non-human primates is an important tool for epidemiologic surveillance. Rapid virus identification will permit the timely activation of control systems for prevention of further cases and epidemic situations.


Subject(s)
Animals , Alouatta , Yellow Fever/virology , Primates , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 95(1): 103-10, Jan.-Feb. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-251321

ABSTRACT

Embryonic tissue explants of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva 1912) the main vector of Leishmania chagasi (Cunha and Chagas), were used to obtain a continuous cell line (Lulo). The tissues were seeded in MM/VP12 medium and these were incubated at 28ºC. The first subculture was obtained 45 days after explanting and 96 passages have been made to date. Lulo is composed of epithelioid cells, showed a 0.04 generations/hour exponential growth rate and population doubling time at 24.7 h. The cell line isoenzymatic profiles were determined by using PGI, PGM, MPI and 6-PGDH systems, coinciding with patterns obtained from the same species and colony's pupae and adults. The species karyotype characteristics were recognized (2n = 8), in which pair 1 is subtelocentric and pairs 2, 3 and 4 are metacentric. Lulo was free from bacterial, fungal, mycoplasmic and viral infection. Susceptibility to five arbovirus was determined, the same as Lulo interaction with Leishmania promastigotes.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Arbovirus Infections , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Psychodidae/cytology , Arbovirus Infections/immunology , Arboviruses/growth & development , Cell Line , Disease Susceptibility , Epithelioid Cells , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
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